Search It

Catalog

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassArachnids
  • OrderSpiders
  • FamilySalticidae
  • SpeciesSalticus scenicus

  Zebra jumping spider (Salticus scenicus)

  The size of the female and male is almost the same: 5-7 mm and 5-6 mm, respectively. The color is black with white stripes throughout the body. They have very large eyes (especially the front two). These two eyes provide the spider with binocular vision . They have eight eyes in total. Live for 2-3 years, feeding on small insects. The mating season runs from May to August. At this time, ritual fights begin between males.

  Distribution and habitats

  The species is widespread in the Northern Hemisphere. It is found almost throughout Europe, in the temperate climate zones of Asia and North America, near people

  Nutrition

  Like other species of jumping spiders, these spiders use their binocular vision to find prey. They attack their prey after sneaking up at close range. Thus, their hunting resembles that of cats. Thanks to their acute vision, they are able to accurately determine the distance to the victim and jump on it. Before jumping, they are attached to the surface with a thread of web, so that if they miss, they can return along it to their starting position and try again. They ignore some insects, such as ants.

  Poison

  This species have, paralyzing the motor and nervous systems poison, but this poison relatively harmless to humans and may cause slight itching

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderLepidoptera
  • FamilySphingidae
  • SpeciesMacroglossum stellatarum

  Hummingbird hawk moth (Macroglossum stellatarum)

  Wingspan - 38-50 mm. The forewings are gray with a dark transverse pattern. The hind ones are bright orange with a narrow dark border. The species is characterized by very fast flight (at a speed of up to 80 km/h), and while collecting nectar from flowers, the insect is able to hover in the air, like dragonflies or hummingbirds. Caterpillars develop on bedstraws and chickweeds : the first generation - from September to October (the pupa or adult overwinter), the second generation - from June to August.

  Distribution and habitats

  It is found in well-warmed biotopes , along the edges of forests. The species is capable of long-distance migrations. Two generations develop per year. The first generation of butterflies (flying from early May to mid-July) consists mainly of individuals arriving from the south, and some of the second generation butterflies (flying from late August to late October) migrate south in the fall.

  Nutrition

  Adults feed on flower nectar, sucking it with a long proboscis and hovering over the flower. Thanks to their developed vision, they are able to maintain a stable position above it, regardless of the direction of the wind, reacting to the slightest movements of the plant.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous and don't interfere with people in any way.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderColeoptera
  • FamilyBuprestidae
  • SpeciesCapnodis tenebrionis

  Flat-headed root-borer (Capnodis tenebrionis)

  Body length 14-28 mm. The body color is black, sometimes with a bronze tint. The forehead is slightly depressed longitudinally, with sparse large punctures. The antennae are short, do not reach the anterior coxae, and their apical segments are strongly transverse. The pronotum is transverse, slightly wider than the elytra. The larva at the end of development is up to 70 mm long, legless, yellowish-white in color. The body consists of 13 segments in the form of a chain and sharply separated from each other.

  Distribution and habitats

  Central and Southern Europe , North Africa , Turkey , Middle East, Iran . Inhabits the south of the European part of Russia , the Lower Volga region , Moldova , the south of Ukraine , the Ciscaucasia , the Caucasus , Western Kazakhstan , Turkmenistan. In the mountains it is found at altitudes up to 1600 m above sea level

  Nutrition

  The species at the larval and adult stages can harm seedlings and young fruit trees. Beetles gnaw the bark of young branches, leaf petioles, and can gnaw out buds of fruit trees , preferring stone fruits. When they multiply en masse, the damage they cause can lead to defoliation of young trees. The economic importance of this species as a pest is greatest in the southern regions with arid climates, especially in Eastern Georgia , Armenia and Azerbaijan.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous, but it's can harmful to agricultural crops.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassArachnids
  • OrderSpiders
  • FamilyAraneidae
  • SpeciesArgiope lobata

  Lobed argiope (Argiope lobata)

  This is a medium-sized spider, but it also comes in large sizes. The abdomen is silvery-white with six deep indentations-lobules, the color of which varies from dark to orange.The fishing net is wheel-shaped, its center is densely braided with cobweb threads.

  Distribution and habitats

  In the territory of the former USSR it lives in its European part, in Crimea, the Caucasus , Central Asia and Kazakhstan , and in the southern regions of Russia. Inhabits mainly deserts, semi-deserts, and steppes. Also lives in North Africa (Algeria).

  Nutrition

  The diet consists mainly of various flying insects. It is dominated by large butterflies (Lepidoptera), short-whiskered (Caelifera) and long-whiskered orthoptera (Ensifera).

  Poison

  Argiope venom paralyzes both invertebrates and vertebrates. The bite is safe for humans, but it will be hurt

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassChilopoda
  • OrderScutigeromorpha
  • FamilyScutigeridae
  • SpeciesScutigera coleoptrata

  House Centipede (Scutigera coleoptrata)

  An adult common flycatcher reaches a length of 35-60 mm. The body color is yellowish-gray or brown with three reddish-purple or bluish stripes along the body, the legs are also striped. The first pair of legs of the flycatcher were transformed into jaws for capturing prey and defense.

  Distribution and habitats

  The natural range of the common flycatcher is Southern Europe , North Africa and the Middle East . Flycatchers are found throughout Ukraine and Moldova , in the Caucasus , Kazakhstan , in the southern regions, in particular in the Kurgan region , in Mediterranean countries and in other countries with hot climates, in particular in India .

  Nutrition

  The common flycatcher is a predator , hunting flies , cockroaches , termites , spiders , silverfish , fleas , moths and other small arthropods . Flycatchers kill their prey by injecting venom and then eating them.

  Poison

  A common flycatcher living in an apartment or house does not cause any harm to food or furniture. Flycatchers are not aggressive, but may bite in self-defense. Most often, their jaws are not strong enough to pierce human skin. If the centipede manages to do this, then the bite feels similar to a bee sting . The venom causes redness and can range from slight swelling to severe swelling.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderDiptera
  • FamilySarcophagidae
  • SpeciesSarcophaga carnaria

  European Flesh fly (Sarcophaga carnaria)

  is a European species of gray blowfly . This species can be reliably distinguished from others only by the male genitalia. The biology and distribution of the species is poorly studied due to incorrect identification

  Distribution and habitats

  Distributed in Europe from Great Britain and Southern Europe to the Altai Mountains in the east and the Kola Peninsula in the north

  Nutrition

  Has a particularly disgusting diet of rotting meat and earthworms. The larva develops overtime by feasting on rotten flesh. This means that they can be used to identify the time of death in forensic science. They are also attracted to feces.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous, but it can spoil food

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderHemiptera
  • FamilyPentatomidae
  • SpeciesGraphosoma lineatum

  Striped shield bug (Graphosoma lineatum)

  Large bug up to 11 mm long. The scutellum reaches the apex of the abdomen . The color is red with longitudinal black stripes. The legs are reddish-red in color, which distinguishes it from a closely related species, the Italian shieldweed ( Graphosoma italicum ), whose legs are predominantly black.

  Distribution and habitats

  Lined shieldweed is common in the middle zone , in the south of the European part of Russia, in Central Asia. They live on plants - umbrellas

  Nutrition

  They feed umbrellas seeds

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous, and don't interfere with people in any way

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderColeoptera
  • FamilyHydrophilidae
  • SpeciesHydrochara caraboides

  Water scavenger beetle diminutive small (Hydrochara caraboides)

  A small beetle 13-18.5 mm long. The main color is olive-black or slightly darker. The body is convex, ovoid. The hind legs are sparsely covered with hairs. The maxillary palps are single-colored, dark-colored.

  Distribution and habitats

  Almost everywhere in Europe , Eastern Europe (with the exception of the far north), Crimea, Southern Urals, Western Siberia. The beetles live at shallow depths, preferring stagnant bodies of water with an overgrown and muddy bottom. Females lay eggs in a cocoon, in the construction of which the males help them. Beetles make 2-3 such cocoons.

  Nutrition

  Unlike the herbivorous large water lover , the beetles (imago) of the small water lover do not eat plants, but feed on sedentary or sick aquatic animals . In the aquarium, the small water lover eats earthworms well. The larvae of the small water lover are predators and feed on small aquatic inhabitants that are suitable in size and have relatively thin skin.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous, and don't interfere with people in any way. But The way of hunting is quite specific, he catches the prey, holds it with his front paws then burps a few drops of digestive fluid on the prey thus digesting it and then sucks it up.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderHymenoptera
  • FamilyVespidae
  • SpeciesVespa crabro

  European hornet (Vespa crabro)

  The length of the uterus varies from 25 to 35 millimeters, workers and males are smaller. Males and females differ slightly in structure: males have 13 antennal segments, females have 12, just like other wasps. The male's abdomen has 7 visible segments, the female's abdomen is 1 segment smaller. Working individuals and the queen have a sting - a modified ovipositor, which is used as protection from enemies. The hornet has deeply cut eyes that resemble the letter C. The eyes are reddish-orange in color.

  Distribution and habitats

  The common hornet is distributed throughout Europe , except for its northern and extreme southern regions. This is the only hornet that lives on the territory of Ukraine and the European territory of Russia (except for the northern regions). In the east it reaches the Urals . In Asia, the common hornet lives in Asia Minor , northern Iran , northeastern Kazakhstan , western Mongolia , eastern China , Korea and Japan.

  Nutrition

  Adult hornets and their relatives (including true wasps) feed on nectar and sugar-rich plant foods.

  Poison

  Due to its impressive size, the European hornet is often considered very aggressive and dangerous. Many people are afraid of these insects. There is an opinion that three hornet stings are enough to kill a person, and seven can kill a horse. In fact, common hornets are no more dangerous than ordinary paper wasps - on the contrary, they are much less aggressive.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderOrthoptera
  • FamilyTettigoniidae
  • SpeciesTettigonia viridissima

  Green Cricket (Tettigonia viridissima)

  Green Cricket is found in any type of open land, including grasslands, parks, and edges of woodlands. It prefers warm, dry habitats, where it lays its eggs overwinter. It primarily feasts on smaller insects, but it also eats some plants too.

  Distribution and habitats

  This species is found throughout much of Europe, the eastern Palaearctic , the Middle East and North Africa , especially in grasslands, open spaces, steppes and occasionally in gardens. It rises into the mountains to a height of up to 1800 meters above sea level

  Nutrition

  They feed, as a rule, on other insects , in particular small butterflies , and can sometimes resort to cannibalism . In the absence of insects , the grasshopper switches to plant food, absorbing large quantities of leaves, buds and flowers of trees and shrubs, cereals, stems and leaves of wild grass. Sometimes it harms agricultural crops and tree species.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous, but it's can harmful to agricultural crops.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderLepidoptera
  • FamilyNymphalidae
  • SpeciesAglais io

  European peacock (Aglais io)

  The length of the front wing is 27-31 mm. Wingspan up to 62 mm. Females are most often somewhat larger than the male. The main background of the wings is red-brown, red-brown. There are 4 large “eyes” with blue spots on the wings. The color of the daytime peacock's eye is influenced by the cold and heat that act on the pupa. The underside of the wings is protectively colored - black-brown, with rows of wavy, lighter colored sinuous lines.

  Distribution and habitats

  Glades, meadows, forest edges, clearings, banks of rivers and reservoirs, forest belts and forest parks, city parks, ravines, ravines, gardens, wastelands, territories of populated areas. It rises into the mountains to a height of 2000-2500 m above sea level. It is found throughout Eastern Europe, except for the regions of the far north (does not enter the tundra zone) and the desert zone. It is especially numerous in Germany. Absent on the island of Crete and North Africa.

  Nutrition

  Adult peacock eyes feed mainly on nectar, and their caterpillars eat foliage and young shoots of plants like: common hop, raspberry, willow, nettle.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous, and don't interfere with people in any way.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderHemiptera
  • FamilyCoreidae
  • SpeciesLeptoglossus occidentalis

  Western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis)

  The pine seed bug has a narrow elongated body 15-20 mm in length, the general coloration of the body is brownish-gray, under the color of pine bark. The veins on the forewings form a pattern resembling an inverted number '4'. Flatly expanded hind tibiae are also very characteristic of this species. Eggs of the pine seed bug are semi-cylindrical and are laid in regular rows on the conifers of fodder plants.

  Distribution and habitats

  The natural range of the pine seed bug is located in North America - west of the Rocky Mountains, from British Columbia and the province of Alberta in the north to California and Mexico in the south. The species is expanding its range, is undoubtedly invasive, and is now recorded in South America, Europe, East Asia, North Africa, etc. n Europe, the species was first found in 1999 in the north of Italy, and now it is known in most countries of the Europe

  Nutrition

  Adults and nymphs feed on young and mature cones. Having, like other bugs, a spiny-sucking mouthparts, the pine seed bug pierces the shell of the cone with its proboscis and reaches the seed. In the seed, the bug secretes digestive enzymes that dissolve the contents of the endosperm, the bug sucks out the liquid. At the same time, the cones look intact. Damage to the seeds in them in the early stages leads to its abortion, and in the stage of maturity - hollow body.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous, but it's can harmful to forests.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderColeoptera
  • FamilyBuprestidae
  • SpeciesChalcophora mariana

  Flatheaded pine borer (Chalcophora mariana)

  The upper part is copper-bronze, sometimes almost black. The pronotum and elytra have longitudinal indentations covered with hairs. There are smooth, dark longitudinal carinae on the head, pronotum and elytra; on the elytra they are interrupted by four pits having a copper-golden sheen. This is a Euro-Siberian species. Prefers forest phytocenoses. It is most often found in pine forests of the Urals damaged by fires, as well as in clearings. The larvae are also large, up to 80 mm long. They develop in the stem wood of dying pines and stumps. Females lay eggs in crevices in the bark. The larvae appear after two weeks and bore into the bark, leaving holes 15 mm wide. Pupal chambers are 4 cm long and 1.5 cm wide. The duration of development is 3-6 years.

  Distribution and habitats

  A widespread species, found throughout Europe, on taiga and mixed forest. In some areas, numbers can be significant and the beetles can be detrimental to forestry. In others, due to the cutting down of old pine forests, the number of the species is catastrophically low.

  Nutrition

  The beetles spend their entire life on or inside trees. The large pine beetle does not cause any harm to plants, as its larvae live in rotten wood and feed on it. Adult larvae feed on dying wood, pollen, nectar, and rarely on plant pulp. Larvae feed only on dying wood.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous, and don't interfere with people in any way.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassArachnids
  • OrderSpiders
  • FamilySalticidae
  • SpeciesEvarcha arcuata

  Metallic jumping spider (Evarcha arcuata)

  Males reach a body length of about six, females - up to eight millimeters. The female has a brown and whitish cephalothorax, as well as an opisthosoma with a distinct pattern of black diagonal spots, sometimes with a white outline. The male, by contrast, is almost black with a coppery sheen. His face has a horizontal pattern of black and white stripes. While males are very common, females often hide in their shelters, such as between folded leaves. At the beginning of winter, she guards her egg sac here.

  Distribution and habitats

  Most species are found. in Asia , Africa and Europe. It is found along the banks of reservoirs or among herbs along the edges of low areas , mainly in meadows and swamps. In addition, it lives in the grass of mixed and deciduous forests.

  Nutrition

  Hunts on various types of vegetation - in tall grass, on bushes and low-growing tree branches. The spider is able to examine a fly in detail from a distance of 8 cm. Sedentary insects, such as aphids, do not attract its attention.

  Poison

  This spider can cause toxic reactions with a wide range of severity. However, the toxins are typically targeted at their prey and predators. They are usually not fatal to humans.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderDiptera
  • FamilySyrphidae
  • SpeciesMyathropa florea

  Hoverfly flower (Myathropa florea)

  Adult flies reach a length of 3 to 13 mm, depending on the species. The fly's body is black or brown with stripes (or dots) of white or yellow covering the abdomen and/or thorax. Adult hover flies resemble small wasps. Their yellow or white and black striped abdomens serve to ward off predators. However, they can be distinguished from wasps by their single pair of wings, with vestigial hind wings as balancing organs

  Distribution and habitats

  distributed in Europe , the Caucasus , Turkmenistan , Tajikistan , North Africa , the Azores and Canary Islands and Japan.

  Nutrition

  Adults feed on nectar or plant pollen. The larvae can be voracious predators of small insects, especially aphids

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous. They are good pollinators, and most syrphid fly larvae feed on aphids, thrips, grasshoppers and other soft-bodied predators such as small caterpillars. They move along the surface of plants, raise their heads to feel for prey, grab and suck it dry, and then shed their exoskeleton.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderOrthoptera
  • FamilyAcrididae
  • SpeciesGomphocerippus rufus

  Rufous grasshopper (Gomphocerippus rufus)

  Males range from 14 to 16 mm and females from 17 to 22 mm. The coloration is usually shades of brown, but there are some grey, yellow and red shades. A mature male has an orange-red end of the abdomen. The female has a similar coloration, but is much less pronounced than that of the males. Some females are reddish-purple. The club on the antenna is distinct, flattened, widened and apical or at the tip. Pronotum with central suture. Both sexes have wings. The forewings of males are longer, where they reach the main joint of the hind legs, than those of females, where they do not reach this joint.

  Distribution and habitats

  It can be found throughout almost all of Europe and Asia. It is usually found in open areas, especially meadows, pastures and forest edges with tall grass. In particular, it can often be found on chalk pastures. It was found on the southern slopes of the Alps at an altitude of approximately 8,100 feet. It prefers warm environments with humidity levels ranging from dry to moist. These skilled climbers prefer not to remain on the ground, but instead perch on plants at sunny elevations.

  Nutrition

  Grasshoppers in general, including this species, are herbivores and feed primarily on grasses. Scientists learned about the diet of G. rufus through the use of feces as a source of DNA. Consumption of plants of the genus Bromus.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous, but it's can harmful to agricultural crops.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderDiptera
  • FamilyMuscidae
  • SpeciesPhaonia pallida

  Orange muscid fly (tettigonia-viridissima)

  Phaonia pallida can reach a length of about 5.5–7.9 millimetres. These flies have an orange body with a very hairy thorax. The antennae are composed by three articles and bear a feathery arista. The legs and the balancers are yellow, while the tarsi are black. The eyes are dark red, separated by a yellow marking in the females, while in males they are very close to each other.

  Distribution and habitats

  This species is distributed across parts of the Palearctic – Europe (including Sicily and the Azores), Asia (Israel, Turkey, and Iran). These flies mainly inhabit deciduous forests and woodland, especially spruce forest edge.

  Nutrition

  Adults fly from May to September, feeding on nectar of flowers .Its larvae have been found growing in various fungi, but also in rotten wood and under tree bark. The last larval instar of Phaonia pallida is carnivorous, feeding on small insects.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous and don't interfere with people in any way.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassArachnids
  • OrderSpiders
  • FamilyAraneidae
  • SpeciesArgiope bruennichi

  Wasp spider (Argiope bruennichi)

  Medium-sized spiders. The body length of females is up to 3 cm, males are much smaller - up to 0.5 cm. The legs are long and thin (length up to 5 cm or more). In the south, this species has a larger number of molts, so they grow to larger sizes. In adults, sexual dimorphism is pronounced. Females have a rounded-oblong abdomen. The dorsal pattern of the abdomen looks like a series of black transverse stripes on a bright yellow background, externally reminiscent of the abdomen of a wasp . The cephalothorax is silvery. The legs are light, with black wide rings. Males have a dull coloration. The abdomen of males is narrow, light beige in color with two longitudinal dark stripes. The legs are long, with vague dark rings. The pedipalps have large bulbs, the male genital organs.

  Distribution and habitats

  Habitat Palaearctic species, gravitating to the zone of steppes and deserts. Distributed in North Africa, Southern and Central Europe, Crimea, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Asia Minor and Central Asia, China, Korea, India and Japan. It usualy lives on: meadows, wasteland, roadside, field, vegetation.

  Nutrition

  Like other spiders, it weaves trapping webs at dusk; construction takes about an hour.they usualy feed on Orthoptera and various other insects.

  Poison

  The sting of argiope is quite painful - comparable to that of a bee or aspen. In most cases, the poison is not dangerous for humans.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassArachnids
  • OrderSpiders
  • FamilyLycosidae
  • SpeciesXerolycosa miniata

  Xerolycosa miniata

  It has a lighter mottled color than Xerolycosa nemoralis. The middle stripe is of the same thickness throughout its entire length. The cephalothorax (prosoma) is brown, with a bright median stripe, its edges are jagged. Sternum is dark brown. Legs are one color, almost black. The opisthosoma is dark brown, with a slightly darker spot in the area of ​​the heart mark.

  Distribution and habitats

  Prefers open sunny biotopes, gravitates towards sandy soil. In particular, noted in mixed forests. Common on bare sandy areas of soil along sparse pine forests and their edges or along the sandy shores of reservoirs. Rare in open biotopes, on roadsides. In Western Europe and the islands of southern Finland, this typical xerotherm is also usually found on sandy coastal dunes.

  Nutrition

  Mainly hunt beetles , but will also eat flies , smaller spiders, insect larvae and springtails. It is having overtaken their prey, jump onto the victim and, holding it with their front paws, begin to eat it. Before jumping, the spider insures itself by attaching a web to the place from which the jump will be made.

  Poison

  They are calm predators, but if they are continuously disturbed, they can bite. A spider bite is not at all dangerous, but can sometimes cause itching , redness, or short-term pain.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassArachnids
  • OrderSpiders
  • FamilyAgelenidae
  • SpeciesAgelena orientalis

  Agelena orientalis

  The body length of males is 11–13.6 mm, the body length of females is 12.2–17.7 mm. The body color is yellowish, with a characteristic pattern on the upper part of the abdomen. This species is present in Europe from Italy to Central Asia and Iran.

  Distribution and habitats

  The crow spider Agelena orientalis is often found along the edges of foothill forests of the Northwestern Caucasus. Their abundance is especially noticeable in summer, starting from July. In some places spider webs of this species are found literally at every step. Both females and males weave trap nets. Spider webs can be located both near the ground and in trees, sometimes very high. Funnels often go somewhere in a bark crack or burrow in the ground. This gives it a strong defense. This is the spider's lair, its hiding place. This is where it hides in case of the slightest danger.

  Nutrition

  They are eating whoever they can catch. If the prey is large, such as a filly, it often does not attack immediately. Many times I have observed how the spider freezes for 1-2 seconds near the captive, as if studying it. If, in the spider's opinion, everything is normal, it makes a swift rush and bites the victim in some joint. After about 5-7 minutes, the spider returns to its prey. It probes it with its front legs, as if making sure that the insect will no longer resist. Then the spider drags the prey inside the funnel, where it sucks it out. Later, it throws the remains of the victim out of its hiding place. If the prey is small, such as a fruit fly or mosquito, it grabs it immediately without delay and sucks it out without dragging it into the shelter.

  Poison

  The composition of Agelena orientalis venom is unique to each individual. Agelena orientalis spiders bite, when they feel threatened, but their venom is not principally harmful to human. Spider victims react to danger with receptors, these are the receptors that can make the victim twitch and lash out, which the spider of course does not want, so the spider venom blocks the receptors with the help of sodium channel robotics.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderColeoptera
  • FamilyGeotrupidae
  • SpeciesAnoplotrupes stercorosus

  Dor beetle (Anoplotrupes stercorosus)

  Beetle up to 19 mm long. Smaller than the common dung beetle. Hind tibia with 2 transverse carinae. The base of the pronotum has a solid side. The top is bluish-black or black with blue or green sides, the bottom is metallic. blue or green, red-brown antennae.

  Distribution and habitats

  Widely distributed throughout Europe and Asia . Lives in forests and farmland. Adult beetles are found from April to October. Insects are active during the day (unlike the common dung beetle, which lives in the same habitat ). It prefers to move on the ground, using its wings only to search for food. They often crawl onto forest roads in search of humus.

  Nutrition

  Adults and larvae feed on the excrement of herbivores (cow manure , but they can also consume horse, pig, and human feces) and rotting plant debris ( compost , leaf litter , old hay ). They prefer wet food. When food resources are depleted, insects fly to another place.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous and don't interfere with people in any way, also they are forest sanitarians.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassArachnids
  • OrderSpiders
  • FamilyAraneidae
  • SpeciesLarinioides sclopetarius

  Bridge-spider (tettigonia-viridissima)

  Larinioides sclopetarius exhibit a slight sexual dimorphism, where females are heavier than males. Females typically weigh around 60 mg, whereas males weigh around 38 mg. However, males may be slightly larger than females. Females can range from 4.5- 6.25 mm in length. Males vary from 4.25 mm -7 mm in length. It shows high plasticity levels based on resource availability, also it can alter its growth rate without increasing its risk of mortality. In resource-abundant areas, spiders have exhibited accelerated maturation. Their fast growth rates may allow them to colonize areas that can accommodate them. L. sclopetarius moves between areas using a ballooning technique where the spider releases threads into the wind to travel.

  Distribution and habitats

  These spiders originated in Europe, have been observed as south as the Mediterranean Coast and as north as Finland, and have been introduced to North America. They are often found on bridges, especially near light and over water. The species tends to live on steel objects and is seldom seen on vegetation.

  Nutrition

  These spiders are primarily nocturnal foragers. Their prey capture fluctuates with the seasons. Their prey capture is highest in the summer months, declining in the spring and fall. Chironomids consist of a significant portion of their diet. These small flies may comprise up to 94% of the spiders’ diets. Their prey's average size ranges from 1.2 to 6.8 mm.

  Poison

  Even when these spiders are present together in large numbers, they typically do not bite humans. L. sclopetarius is venomous, however the effect of the venom ranges from the potency of a mosquito-bite to the sting of a honeybee. If they do bite, it is when their webs are threatened, and the bite is usually superficial and heals quickly without much need for medical help.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassArachnids
  • OrderSpiders
  • FamilyPisauridae
  • SpeciesDolomedes fimbriatus

  Raft spider (Dolomedes fimbriatus)

  The body length of males is 10-13 mm and females 15-22 mm. Coloration varies from yellow-brown to dark brown. There are white or yellowish lines along the sides of the body. They may be absent in many nymphs and adult spiders. There are 4 pairs of eyes on the front of the head. There are 4 light colored long lines through the abdomen. The whole body is covered with shiny soft down. The limbs are brown and relatively long. They are equipped with miniature spines, which act as an organ of touch, reacting to any swim in the water. To keep on the surface of the water, kamchatka spiders have special water-repellent hairs with a grease-like substance growing on the tips of their legs. in case of danger can dive into the submarine and remain dry when surfacing.

  Distribution and habitats

  Habitat - Europe and nearby. The spider lives on the banks of stagnant or slowly flowing bodies of water. It lives in raised bogs, wet meadows, swampy forests, and also in gardens.

  Nutrition

  This species feeds not only on insects and tadpoles, but also on small fish, which it grabs with lightning speed and kills in a few seconds with a deadly bite. The spider drags its prey to the shore, where it liquefies and absorbs it within several hours.

  Poison

  The bite is quite unpleasant, but does not pose any danger to humans. And it takes a lot of effort to get it, as spiders rarely let a person get closer than a meter, instantly going underwater.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderMantodea
  • FamilyMantidae
  • SpeciesMantis religiosa

  European mantis (Mantis religiosa)

  The color is protective , very variable, ranging from green or yellow to brown-gray or dark brown. The pronotum is of moderate length, the front legs are grasping, in addition to obtaining food, they are also used for movement. The hind legs are running. The wings are well developed in both males and females (although females, due to their impressive size, fly very poorly and reluctantly). The abdomen is ovoid, rather long. The common mantis is a typical ambush predator, masquerading as surrounding plants. Lying in wait for the prey, it is inactive; when it appears within reach, it grabs it with its front grasping legs, holding it between the spiny thigh and lower leg.

  Distribution and habitats

  The common praying mantis is common in southern Europe from Portugal to Turkey and Ukraine . Also found on many islands of the Mediterranean Sea ( Balearic , Corsica , Sardinia , Sicily , Malta , Aegean islands , Cyprus ), in Egypt and Sudan , in the Middle East from Israel to Iran , on the Arabian Peninsula. Also probably introduced to New Guinea. Introduced to the eastern United States in the 1890s, from where it populated the entire country, as well as southern Canada. Found in Costa Rica at the beginning of the 21st century. There is also conflicting evidence of finds of the common mantis in Bolivia Jamaica and Australia.

  Nutrition

  Praying mantises are predatory and hunt primarily from ambush. They usually feed on other insects, arachnids and arthropods. Large sedge mantises also prey on small lizards, snakes, frogs, birds and even rodents.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous. Mantis does not pose any danger to humans. In most cases, it is a completely harmless creature that cannot cause any tangible harm to humans. The most they can do is try to grab a human with their paws and bite, but it won't do any harm.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassArachnids
  • OrderIxodida
  • FamilyIxodidae
  • SpeciesIxodes ricinus

  Castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus)

  The body is oval, with a scutellum located on the upper side. In males , the scute covers the entire dorsal side. In females , larvae and nymphs , the scutellum is small and is located only in the front part of the dorsal side; on the remaining parts of the body, the integument is soft, which allows for stretching and increasing the volume of the body. Males are brown in color and are about 2.5 mm long. The length of hungry nymphs is 1.3...1.5 mm. The length of hungry females is 4 mm, saturated with blood - up to 11 mm.

  Distribution and habitats

  Widely distributed in Europe , Asia , also found in North Africa and North America.

  Nutrition

  Theyare blood-sucking parasites; they feed exclusively on the blood of vertebrates, including humans.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous, but .It is a carrier of diseases such as Lyme disease, encephalitis, Marseille fever and tularemia.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderHemiptera
  • FamilyPentatomidae
  • SpeciesHalyomorpha halys

  Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys)

  A typical stink bug . The body is pear-shaped, slightly flattened, 10-17 mm long. The color is brown, but the upper side of the body and head have alternating dark and light spots, which visually creates a marbled pattern. The underside of the body is white or pale brown, sometimes with gray or black speckles. Odor from stinking insects is associated with trans-2-decenal and trans-2-octenal. The odor has been characterized as a 'pungent coriander smell'. The stink bug's ability to emit odor through abdominal openings is a defense mechanism designed to prevent it from being eaten by birds and lizards. However, simply handling the bug, injuring it, or attempting to move it can cause it to emit an odor.

  Distribution and habitats

  The species is native to Southeast and East Asia, including China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan and Vietnam. Since 1996, the species has been actively dispersing throughout the United States and by 2014 was recorded in 34 states and the southern provinces of Canada. In 2007 it was detected in Switzerland and in 2010 in New Zealand. In 2010, two live adults were found in England in the luggage of a passenger on an airplane from the USA. In the early 2010s it turned up in Central Asia. In 2014, nymphs were found in Eastern Europe.

  Nutrition

  The marble bug's fastidiousness in feeding is a great threat to agriculture. Harvest of all fruit trees and other garden plantings is exposed to the threat of destruction. Fruits with spots from the bites of the bites of the bites are unsuitable for food and processing. Farmers lose profits from destruction of corn, legumes, nuts, peaches, apples, persimmons, pears.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous, but It is reported that from the odor emitted by it there are cases of human disease, but they are rare, but the body fluids of the stink bug are toxic and irritate the skin and eyes of humans. Also because of this species, not only the fruit, but often the plant itself dies, as the bug sucks the sap from the stems and leaves. Only in Abkhazia there are 32 species of plants that are harmed by the insect. Gardeners suffered losses with spoilage of raspberries, blueberries, sweet peppers, cucumbers and tomatoes.

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassInsects
  • OrderColeoptera
  • FamilyCerambycidae
  • SpeciesAcanthocinus aedilis

  Timberman (Acanthocinus aedilis)

  Body length 12-20 mm. The length of the males' mustache is 3-5 times the length of their body. Males are smaller in size than females, but their whiskers are significantly longer than the females' whiskers ( sexual dimorphism ). The color is gray-brown to match the color of the bark of the pine trees on which they are found. There are 4 characteristic orange spots on the pronotum.

  Distribution and habitats

  Gray whiskers are widely distributed in Eurasia. They inhabit temperate and subtropical climate zones. The beetles are found in all regions of Europe except the Mediterranean coast. Local populations are found in Ireland, Scotland and the Caucasus. Prefer pines, rarely in other coniferous and deciduous trees. Females lay 30-50 eggs and deposit them on dead or dying trees. The larva grows to 35 mm in length and develops in bark, under bark or in wood.

  Nutrition

  Their body structure allows them to crawl through narrow crevices in the bark and feed on live and dead wood, but the latter is clearly favored. In addition, fallen needles occupy a significant place in the diet. Bark is eaten last. If coniferous deadwood is scarce, the eaters are satisfied with hardwoods.

  Poison

  This species is not poisonous, and don't interfere with people in any way(It is just cool).

• 

  Scientific Classification

  • TypeArthropods
  • ClassArachnids
  • OrderSpiders
  • FamilyPhilodromidae
  • SpeciesPhilodromus margaritatus

  Lichen running-spider (Philodromus margaritatus)

  Females are 5-6 mm in size, males are about 4-5 mm. The species is widespread in Central Europe in deciduous and coniferous forests. Has the ability to camouflage itself, adapting to the surrounding background. They do not weave catching nets (like other representatives of this family). Cobwebs are used to weave cocoons. Сan camouflage well, adjusting to the general background. The spider does not weave nets, uses webs for hiding, hunts from ambush.

  Distribution and habitats

  Occurs frequently, quite common. It lives on the bark of lichen-covered tree trunks. The species is widespread in Europe, but it is rarely captured due to its cryptic coloration, which makes it hardly visible on lichen-covered trunks.

  Nutrition

  They feed mainly on butterflies, bees, flies, and other floral visitors. Despite the fact that the victim is several times larger than the hunter, crab spiders easily handle their prey, their venom is very strong. Having caught its prey, the spider stays with it until it sucks all the juices out of the victim's body.

  Poison

  The bite of this spider does not carry any danger to humans, its chelicerae are not too strong and the venom is not very toxic. In general, the spider is quite peaceful and timid, preferring to withdraw rather than bite. By the way, this feature prevents breeding Philodromus in captivity, many amateurs tried to do it, but the spiders tend to go into hiding and refuse to feed under stress.